Time And The Tempest Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Time And The Tempest Essay, Research Paper The Tempest, penned by dramatist William Shakespeare, as one of his last plants circa 1612 is a narrative about many things: love, retaliation, greed, political relations, thaumaturgy, and enigma. Even the impression of clip plays a major function, and it is this facet we shall be discoursing in the undermentioned pages. Time plays a reasonably big function in many of the thoughts put frontward in this instead pensive narrative of one adult male s ( Prospero ) treachery at the custodies of his brother and his initial efforts at retaliation. Basically The Tempest terminals with the antique moral that clip heals all lesions as he eventually finds it in his bosom to forgive his brother and convey the narrative to a peaceable declaration. It is non merely here nevertheless, that we find clip to be a utile secret plan device. One should besides pay attending to the assorted departures on within the drama such as Pospero s remarks on the brevity of life # 8211 ; every bit good as the rubr ic of the drama itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Time And The Tempest Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To get down with we shall look at the rubric The Tempest which serves to keep a dual significance. Whilst the word Tempest of class can be seen to mention to the great storm that is used by Prospero to incarcerate his prisoners on the isle, every bit good as the storm of emotion invoked in the characters an the instability of power amongst them caused by the state of affairs, there is another ground why The Tempest is such an disposed name. Indeed, why did Shakespeare non call it The Storm or some other such equivalent words? I believe this stems from its sound. The word s foremost half is temp stemming from the Latin tempestas, average clip, and can besides be seen in it s passage to English in pacing, which means clip, in relation to rush or degree of motion in action. This serves as a farther note to the spectator on the importance of clip, both in the drama s class every bit good as in it s implicit in subjects. The subject of clip in relation to its brevity besides appears as a running subject throughout The Tempest. Although it is merely genuinely noticeable when it comes to a caput with Prospero s address to Miranda and Ferdinand, in which he tells them non to worry about his attempted blackwash: be cheerful, sir: our revels are now ended: these histrions were all liquors, and are melted into thin air: And, like the groundless cloth of this vision Yea, which it inherit, shall fade out, And, like this unsubstantial pageant faded, Leave non a rack behind: we are such material As dreams are made on, and our small life, Is rounded with a slumber. It is here that we see Prospero s plaint on his age and ailing wellness, take a firm standing the young persons non worry about his public assistance, as he is old and that life is excessively short for concerns and declinations. It is possible to see here that possibly Shakespeare has created Prospero as a contemplation of himself, and that these ar e similar ideas to his as he wrote the drama ; sing his age ( early 50s ) at the clip of composing The Tempest and the fact that its release coincided approximately with the clip of his retirement. This could in fact be the beginning of the drama s inspiration as many of its concurrent subjects stem rather closely to this Carpe Diem political orientation. In fact it s whole gay nature seems to stem from this thought of life being excessively abruptly for concern, sorrow, animus, and other such negative emotions. Music, which besides seems to play a instead major function in The Tempest, seems to function as a reminder of this besides. Siting on a bank Crying once more the male monarch my male parent s wreck, This music crept by me upon the Waterss ; Stilling both their rage and my passion. Here we see Ferdinand s liquors roused by the sound of Ariel s music, reminding him the futility of keening what is past and to look towards the beauty of the present. In the declaration of The Tempest we can see Shakespeare s commentary on forgiveness through the transition of clip. Whilst many critics view this as the drama s primary weak point, believing its signifier simply to be a instead weak effort at weaving it up with a peaceable stoping in order to follow with authoritative amusing signifier ( this depends on whether 1 was to really category this as a comedy ) , I believe that given the instead deep content involved every bit good as it s embracing of so many genres ( ie love affair, play, phantasy every bit good as comedy ) , such accusals are badly founded. As Prospero s program are eventually coming into fruition, he eventually realises after a conversation with Ariel that Yet with my nobler ground, gainst my rage Do I take portion: the rarer action is In virtuousness than in retribution: they being penitent, The exclusive impetus of my purpose doth extend Not a frown further. Here he convinces himself that retaliation is non necessary . He shall admit his offender s repentance and forgive their workss in order to travel on ( albeit with some recompense ) , and non go on the short balance of his life in malice. It is here besides in the shutting scene that we see Prospero/Shakespeare keening that he hopes to see the nuptial Of these our dear-beloved solemniz vitamin D ; And thence retire me to my Milan, where Every tierce thought shall be of my grave. Another distinctive feature of this drama is besides the baffled nature of clip s ain transition throughout. Each character seems to hold their ain typical feeling of the narrative s length. Ariel for illustration, spends the full drama numbering the proceedingss til his eventual release which he knows will merely come at the decision of these events. Prospero, on the other manus, passes the clip rapidly ; we see how he has been fixing twelve old ages for this event, and he know he has much to make in the three or so short hours that ensue: the really infinitesimal commands the ope thine ear is another good indicant of his realization that this timing is short and important as his life s works reach their zenith. Of class there is besides Caliban, Trinculo, and Stephano who, whilst being together on the island, all seem to hold wholly different dockets and therefore different impressions of the passing of clip: Caliban becomes excited by the impression of happening a new God and like Ariel herb of graces every minute he has to wait before the hr of Prospero s repose when Stephano has promised to assassinate him, whilst Stephano and Trinculo appear more than happy to roll around in a bibulous daze with really small respect to where or when they should be. This of class discontents Caliban and motivate his reminder I will hold none on T: we shall lose our clip And all be turned to cirripeds, or to apes With brows villanous low. On the other manus, nevertheless, the full island is seen to be encapsulated in thaumaturgy and enigma. Within the charming circle Prospero has created to pin down his prisoners existent clip ( as opposed to the sensed transition of clip single to each character ) seems to take on a slow, phantasmagoric quality that weighs everybody down and makes the events appear to happen in a sleepy, surreal manner. Such deformation helps farther impart a sense of mysticism and enigma to The Tempest. So every bit should by now be seen, clip plays a major, non wholly unsubversive function in Shakespeare s concluding farewell to theatre. Despite it s slightly deficient in deepness of content there is still a universe of beauty and elaborateness here to be seen. Through the usage of linguistic communication and characters, Shakespeare has managed to get the hang the usage and the impression of clip and its assorted signifiers of use, to enrich this moony comedy/romance/drama in ways perchance no other adult male could.

Definition and Examples of Symbolic Action

Definition and Examples of Symbolic Action A term used by 20th-century rhetorician Kenneth Burke to refer in general to systems of communication that rely on symbols. Symbolic Action According to Burke In Permanence and Change (1935), Burke distinguishes human language as symbolic action from the linguistic behaviors of nonhuman species. In Language as Symbolic Action (1966), Burke states that all language is inherently persuasive because symbolic acts do something as well as say something. Books such as Permanence and Change (1935) and Attitudes Toward History (1937) explore symbolic action in such areas as magic, ritual, history, and religion, while A Grammar of Motives (1945) and A Rhetoric of Motives work out what Burke calls the dramatistic basis of all symbolic action. (Charles L. ONeill, Kenneth Burke. Encyclopedia of the Essay, ed. by Tracy Chevalier. Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997) Language and Symbolic Action Language is a species of action, symbolic actionand its nature is such that it can be used as a tool. . . .I define literature as a form of symbolic action, undertaken for its own sake.(Kenneth Burke, Language as Symbolic Action. Univ. of California Press, 1966)To comprehend symbolic action, [Kenneth] Burke dialectically compares it with practical action. The chopping down of a tree is a practical act whereas the writing about the chopping of a tree is a symbolic art. The internal reaction to a situation is an attitude, and the externalization of that attitude is a symbolic action. Symbols can be used for practical purposes or for sheer joy. For instance, we may use symbols to earn a living or because we like to exercise our ability to use them. However philosophically distinct the two are, they often overlap.(Robert L. Heath, Realism and Relativism: A Perspective on Kenneth Burke. Mercer Univ. Press, 1986)The lack of a clear definition of symbolic action in The Philosophy of Literar y Form [Kenneth Burke, 1941] is not the weakness some might imagine it to be, for the idea of symbolic action is just a beginning point. Burke is simply distinguishing between broad classes of human experience, with the intention of confining his discussion to the dimensions of action in language. Burke is more interested in how we craft language into a strategic or stylized answer (that is, in how symbolic action works) than in defining symbolic action in the first place. (Ross Wolin, The Rhetorical Imagination of Kenneth Burke. Univ. of South Carolina Press, 2001) Multiple Meanings The conclusion to be drawn from setting various definitions of symbolic action side by side is that [Kenneth] Burke does not mean the same thing every time he uses the term. . . . An examination of the many uses of the term reveals that it has three separate but interrelated meanings . . .: linguistic, representative, and purgative-redemptive. The first includes all verbal action; the second covers all acts which are representative images of the essential self; and the third includes all acts with a purgative-redemptive function. Clearly, symbolic action includes much more than poetry; and clearly, almost anything from the full range of human action could be a symbolic act in one or more of the senses given above. . . .Burkes almost dogmatic assertion that all poetic acts are always symbolic acts in all three meanings is one of the unique features of his system. His argument is that though any act may be symbolic in one or more ways, all poems are always representative, purgative-redemptive acts. This means that every poem is the true image of the self which created it, and that every poem performs a purgative-redemptive function for the self. (William H. Ruec kert, Kenneth Burke and the Drama of Human Relations, 2nd ed. Univ. of California Press, 1982)

The Power of Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Power of Branding - Essay Example The researcher of this essay discusses the topic of branding and uses Nokia brand for example. He states that Nokia's brand is now the 11th powerful brand in the world, and some marketing specialist have somewhat sarcastically recommended that maybe Finland should try to somehow link up with the brand name of Nokia to improve the brand name of the country of Finland. Nokia was able to achieve with strong marketing strategies, which is evolving even now. The key strategy Nokia incorporated while designing its models is that they should pay attention to even the finest details, which could enhance the ease of use for the customer as well as enhance customizable preferences. The other strategy was to introduce phones which could also be a style accessory. â€Å"The insight that the handset could be a stylish fashion accessory, rather than merely a communication tool, allowed Nokia to lead the trends and direction of the entire handset.† The researcher states that this strong mark eting strategy to come up with products that suits customer’s preferences and importantly giving new perspectives and purposes to the customers with new designs, only enabled Nokia to leapfrog over its competitors. This is in direct contrast to Ericsson and Motorola, that not taking quick strides while moving from analog to digital phones, Nokia became leader in the handset market by 1998 itself. The researcher then concluds that now, with its superior marketing strategies and a strong and powerful brand, Nokia is able to sustain that position.

Jewish History Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jewish History Questions - Assignment Example The second wave occurred during the pre-civil war through the nineteenth century, and it included the Jews who came from the central European the Ashkenazim. Ashkenazim is the ancient name in Hebrew that means Germany. Thirdly, it occurred between 1880 and early 1920s this migration was from Russia and some parts of Eastern Europe, the Jewish community increased in population, in America. Between the period of 1880 and 1900, at least 1.4 million had arrived, compared with those that were there in the period of 1800 to 1880. It is during this period that the Jewish and Judaism culture were established in America. The wave of migration ended in 1920 due to the legislation that restricted migration (Jerome 10). Question # 2 The Jews had the challenge of opportunity cost, which was much higher in America than in Europe. It was very costly to make every hour attendance in the synagogue and observation of home religion. People reduced their synagogue attendance time and activities on relig ious rituals. The American Jews had a reduced intensity of time in observing their religion, and many of them stopped to observe kashrut. It is good to find that the Hebrew Congregation of America Union, the America United Synagogue Union and the Union of the Orthodox were made in the late 19th century (Jerome 13). The unions continue to dominate the religious life of the Jews up to this day. Question # 3 The population of the Jews in America is concentrated to the northeast with 44 percent of them living in the region of Mid-Atlantic and England. The Jews from America tend to be much older than the general population. About 14 percent of the Jews are foreign-born, but in 1970, it was higher with 23 percent.  Jews from America worry much about intermarriage and their identification as Jews. It is believed that, in 1990, the rate of intermarriage increased by 50 percent. In the year 2000 to the year 2001, the percentage recorded for intermarriage was 47 percent (Jerome 18). This re cord shows that the rate of intermarriage is increasing at a great rate.  

Fail of E-businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Fail of E-businesses - Essay Example This is carried out in the form of a qualitative analysis for the reason that we will evaluate information on both successful as well as failed businesses in order to establish the significance of professional marketing experts who may positively influence it. The assessment delineates that a personnel with efficacious experience in the marketing field is essential to the prosperity of an online business for the reason that it incorporates the fundamental attributes of the business, thereby, transcending the norms of attracting or retaining customers. The marketing of an online business is inclusive of rigorous management of the website, thus, making sure that the technological attributes complement the consumer experience. Further analysis into the matter illustrates that experience is the key to successful online businesses as it augments other attributes such as marketing and business plans. Many businesses on the web may call for professional assistance in marketing, however, onl y in case they do not possess any expertise within the team-force. As a result, it is quite significant to identify the drawbacks as well as negative aspects of the online business module prior to setting up an online deal. ... tly, this dissertation outlines the significance of business partnerships, chiefly, where online business does not play the role of the producer. Table of Contents 1. Chapter 1: Introduction/Background 2. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Defining e-business 2.2 Market Orientation 2.3 Causes of e-business failure 3. Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 Research pattern and Strategy 3.2 Discussions 4. Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations Bibliography Chapter 1: Introduction/Background According to Kalakota and Robinson, e-business is one efficient roadway to success, where the actual challenge is to make it happen in the most systematic way with least derailing offered to the existent business (Kalakota and Robinson, 1999). The profound and budding origin of the Internet is on the verge of seizing, shaking, and clutching businesses as well as individuals in a way like never before (Martin, 1999). Despite the fact that the administration of chief companies no longer takes interest in arguing whether the internet would influence their businesses, it does not realize the extent to which it would transform consumers, careers, and associations (Martin, 1999). Many of the corporations even have an abstract team within the firm which they think is efficaciously dealing with the marketing attributes of the business. However, they may tend to deter the constraint of the coming assault on all the features of business world, ranging from product notion and production by mean s of dissemination and utilization. The e-business revolution does prove

Incidents And Leaders Interaction Within The Movie History Essay

Incidents And Leaders Interaction Within The Movie History Essay This paper analyses the theories and concepts of leadership of key characters in the movie, Invictus. The key characters analysed are President Nelson Mandela and Francois Pienaar, captain of the South African rugby team. Based on a book written by John Carlin, Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Changed a Nation, the movie is directed by award-winning director Clint Eastwood. Starring Morgan Freeman as President Nelson Mandela and Matt Damon plays Francois Pienaar, who is the current captain of the Springboks, the South African rugby team, it was released in the United States in mid-December 2009. 2.0 SYNOPSIS OF MOVIE Storyline The story centres around events before and during the 1995 Rugby World Cup, hosted in South Africa shortly after the fall of apartheid with the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela. Mandela was held in a prison on Robben Island for close to 27 years. As the new elected President, Mandela vowed to unite the South Africa population which is currently divided into two groups: the white people who originated from Europe and came to South African in the seventeeth century known as Afrikaners and the native black population of the country. The movie basically shows President Mandelas attempt to unite both groups in supporting the countrys rugby team, the Springboks (rugby was traditionally a white sport) and steering the team as it made a historic drive towards winning the 1995 Rugby World Cup Championship. Despite all odds and initial resistance, the black natives of South Africa soon began to show interest in the Springboks. As the team wins more and more games, they continue to receive rising support from both the Afrikaners and the black natives. The team achieved unexpected success in the 1995 Rugby World Cup final, defeating the strongest opponent in the tournament, New Zealand, which brought cheer not only to the Afrikaners but also to the black natives all over the country as they celebrated the teams victory. This inevitably began to bridge the divide between the two groups that had been there for centuries due to apartheid. The title Invictus is translated from the Latin as undefeated or unconquered, and is the title of a poem by English poet William Ernest Henley (1849-1903). The ending saw the recitation of verses from the poem: Out of the night that covers me, Black as the pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be For my unconquerable soul. In the fell clutch of circumstance I have not winced nor cried aloud. Under the bludgeonings of chance my head is bloody, but unbowed. Beyond this place of wrath and tears Looms but the Horror of the shade, And yet the menace of the years Finds and shall find me unafraid. It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul. Leaders in the movie There are clearly two distinguished leaders in the movie: President Nelson Mandela despite having to face other pressing issues to build the country in his first term as president, Mandela is committed to his pledge to reunite the people of South Africa. He tries to achieve this through sports, namely rugby in which the country is hosting in the following year. Francois Pienaar, captain of the Springboks (South African Rugby team). Pienaar faces a tough challenge from President Mandela to drive his team to win the 1995 Rugby World Cup Championship, something he never thought possible before. Role of leaders Newly-elected President Nelson Mandela plays a leading role as the person who tries to unite the divided groups of white Afrikaners and the black South African natives with the end of apartheid. He believes that it can be achieved through rugby, which is the number one sport for the white Afrikaners. With his strong belief in the power of the game, Mandela went against the wishes of his own staff and follows his instincts to pursue his target. Mandela calmly leads by example, displaying great leadership skills through his quiet reflective confidence in contemplating decisions, his commitment to achieve whatever he sets out to do and the way he touches other peoples lives and emotions with his personal communication style. Meanwhile, Francois Pienaar admires President Mandelas aspirations to unite the people of South Africa and was inspired by his dedication and perseverance to achieve his goal. Through his leadership and commitment, Pienaar steadily builds his teams confidence and began to win more and more matches, and eventually brought his team to victory against the strongest opponent, New Zealand, in the final match of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. 3.0 LEADERSHIP ASPECTS Incidents within the movie involving the leaders One incident shows a sporting organization where all committee members are black natives, and they agree to pass a motion to change the name, colour and logo of the rugby team to suit a different and blacker South Africa. Currently, the rugby team represents the pride of the Afrikaners and is despised by the black natives as they see it as a symbol of apartheid. However, President Mandela who arrives at the meeting just after the voting process asks the committee members to rethink their decisions in the context of unity for the country and the good of the population. In the end, he manages to gather 13 votes on his side which is enough for him to keep the Springboks. Mandelas style of participative leadership is very admirable. He always encourages those working under him to think differently about surrounding issues.   A good example would be the one concerning his personal security group. Instead of being suspicious about the loyalty and commitment of his white security staff, he directed the security head, a black Soth African native, to work together with their highly experienced counterparts and learn from them. He also treats the white security staff well even though some of them were against him when he was in prison. Days before the final match, Pienaar as captain of the rugby squad claims that the team needs a break. They head to Robben Island with their girlfriends to take their minds off the game. There, Pienaar visited the jail where Mandela was held. Standing inside Mandelas actual jail cell, Pienaar is dismayed to discover how small the cell is and with nothing to sleep on except a thin sheet on the bare ground. Yet the man who was held in this cell for nearly 26 years can easily forgive those who put him in prison, and has great plans to unite the people of the country. Incidents and leaders interaction within the context of the movie President Mandela invites Pienaar to tea for their first meeting. Mandela believes that he can achieve the unity that he planned for through rugby and needed Pienaars assistance to get the support of the Afrikaners. Pienaar was charmed by Mandelas personal style and warmth upon his arrival at the Government House. He also observed that Mandela treated everyone around him with great respect, even the lady who served them tea. During the brief meeting, Mandela skillfully challenges Pienaar to think positively about winning the upcoming Rugby World Cup Championship. He shared his vision on the importance of winning the championship to South Africa to unite the people via a World Cup victory. Pienaar who was impressed with the presidents quiet leadership, personal commitment and motivation to achieve the vision soon began to see the odds of winning the cup as a possibility, thus inspires him to lead this team to train harder that before. Leaders behaviour and characteristics In this movie, Mandela skillfully demonstrates his people-oriented leadership style. For instance, even on his first day in office as the newly-elected President of South Africa, he showed great courtesy to all his staff, blacks and whites, by greeting and smiling at everybody whom he passed by on his way to his suite. This earned him great respect from all staff, especially the white Afrikaners who thought they would be sacked once a black leader assumed office. Mandela also decided to maintain the former white staff and builds an administrative team of both groups. The same also applies to his security staff. In order to lead by example and to achieve the unity he had long planned for, he believes that his team must reflect his vision. 4.0 DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR Leadership behaviour Leadership styles are important to successfully lead teams in organisations. There are various styles of leadership that can be observed and are practised by leaders in todays organisations, but theories mostly centre these two: The first group displays task-oriented behaviours, whereby the leader only manages the daily activities of his subordinates towards accomplishing a task which was predetermined. The second set involves people-oriented behaviour, also known as participative leadership. Leaders in this group normally provide a supportive role by encouraging his subordinates to get involved in decision making on the project that they are working on. This results in a positive work environment which increases productivity of the team as they feel that they are part of the decision making process and thus own the project.   Evidently, both sets of behaviours are important to create a balance in successful leadership. President Mandela excellently displayed both task-oriented and participative leadership styles in his quest to build the nation. He sought the help and participation of Pienaar to transform the image of the Springboks in the eyes of the black natives. Through Pienaars leadership, the team members successfully won the hearts of the black natives and garner their support which steered the team to victory. Change agent capabilities Basically, a change agent is someone who can motivate others around him to produce higher degree of output, to do more and to achieve better things in their lives. Change agents require emotional intelligence to ensure people are totally engaged in a project. People who are highly supportive of the purpose and are highly committed to achieve the objectives of the project will contribute to better productivity and chances of meeting the goals and objectives are maximised. A change agent needs to have high competencies in soft skills, namely excellent people and communication skills, to encourage peoples involvement and minimise resistance. He or she must be able to reach out to the inner values and beliefs of the people involved in the project in order to implement change with the people. Clearly, President Mandela has demonstrated his capabilities in becoming the change agent for South Africas unity and progress. President Mandela demonstrates these managerial traits effectively through leading by example and motivating people through his great respect for others and personal humility. His quietly confident manner and strong commitment in conveying his visions and aspirations also encourage others around him to do amazing things that they never thought they are capable of doing before. Able to support, able to develop new ideas and recognize achievement Despite the hostility shown towards his support for the Springboks, President Mandela stood his ground and diligently and courageously attended the rugby matches. He even made an effort to memorise the names of all the players and greeted them personally by their name before the matches and during practices. In order to promote foreign investment in building South Africas economy with is also laden with issues, Mandela administrative team tries to ensure that President Mandela receives wide press coverage whenever he meets with other world leaders to discuss bilateral relationships. 5.0 IDENTIFICATION AND EXPLANATION OF INCIDENTS Executive summary of the two incidents selected. President Mandela read the new concerning the upheaval in management of the Springboks team after he assumes the new position. He started to devise how to unite the people of South Africa and saw rugby as the vehicle that might work to bridge the divide. He understands that most Afrikaners are afraid of losing their identity when a black leader becomes president of the country and that the Springboks rugby team is traditionally very important to the white population. He then decides to use the Springboks as a means to unite the population and the upcoming Rugby World Cup Championship as the event that will bring them together. Later when Mandela came to know that a sports committee which comprise all black members voted to change the identity of the rugby team by changing the name, logo and colour of the Springboks to reflect a new and blacker South Africa, he personally hurried to attend the meeting and asked the committee members to rethink their decisions and explain the implicati ons that their decisions might bring onto the unity of the South African population. He managed to get a small following of 13 votes on his side; however, the small majority was enough to keep the Springboks intact. He then forges ahead with his plan to unite the black and white population through rugby. Pienaar also does his part to support President Mandelas commitment to unite the people of South Africa and instill pride in his teammates towards aunited country. In his first attempt to get the message across, Pienaar tries to make his team actually sing the South African national anthem by giving them copies of the anthems lyrics. However, his teammates show clear disinterest and merely scrunch up their copies. Later, they are forced by the President to take occasional breaks from rugby and go out into the poorer areas of South Africa and teach rugby to the natives as a way to inculcate interest of the game to the black natives. At first, only Chester who is the teams sole black player is welcomed by the black children but eventually, after many attempts, the whole team is accepted by the rural population. The team then willingly help introduce the sport to a new generation of children and instil national pride, regardless of race. Involvement of the selected leaders within the incident In the first incident, President Mandela takes it upon himself to make sure that the Springboks are able to maintain their name, logo and colours despite disagreement from the black sports committee members. He stood his ground and clearly conveyed the message across that what he did was for the good of the countrys unity. In the second incident, Pienaar tried to change the attitude of the team players towards embracing their national anthem. Even though he was not successful on his first attempt, the fact that he went on to sing the anthem displayed his willingness to lead by example, hoping that the others will follow suit. Making decision within team, group and individual setting A strategic leader has a team of decision makers to help him reach a consensus when making important decisions. This process of decision-making improves the quality of the decisions, especially when developing crucial planning and policies affecting the country. A strategic leader needs a competent team to support his role. Coupled with his knowledge and skills, a strategic leader can lead a team of high performing individuals to create and develop strategic vision and plans utilising available resources and implementing national policies. Due to the complexity of todays world economy and global issues, a strategic leader of a nation requires the assistance of a forward-looking team of executives to forge ahead with his plans to achieve his vision. Charismatic and transformational roles There are very few leaders who are capable of transformational leadership. However, this is not considered unfortunate as a leaders ultimate job is to keep the organization productive and the people engaged. In certain instances, too much transformation can be chaotic and lead nowhere. In this movie, Mandela was one of the few who can be categorized as a successful transformational leader. He was able to encourage people to believe in themselves so that the organisation can achieve greater heights. For instance, in his first meeting with Pienaar, Mandela explains that a leaders job is to get followers to believe that they are capable of doing more than they think possible. This thinking then leads to the rugby teams victory in winning the World Cup Championship. Leaders with these types of behaviours and attitudes tend to draw followers as people are naturally attracted to those who display strength and inspire belief in others. These charismatic qualities enable effective leadership. 6.0 Critically analyze each of the two and more incidents and consider other options the leaders could have considered and made. Participative leadership, delegation and empowerment Participative leadership style, which is known to be the best type of corporate leadership style in organisations today, allows employees to get involved in decision-making process to a certain extent. This democratic style of employee management creates healthy relationship between management and employees as both sides feel that their involvement is sought in the process of achieving the organizations goals and objectives. This leadership technique also promotes the development of future leaders via their participation in determining a common goal for the organization. As involvement of team members are required in decision making, hidden talents can be unearthed and their leadership qualities polished further. In the first incident, President Mandela asserts his decision to let the Springboks keep their identity but at the same time asks the committee members to reconsider their decision. Although he managed to persuade a small minority (13 votes) to agree with him, the number is sufficient and he looks upon it as a small win, not a total defeat. This displays his participative leadership style whereby instead of using his power and influence to change the committees decision, he asked them to rethink their decision and get them to vote again. For the second incident involving Pienaar, as captain of the team he tried to persuade the other members to sing along the national anthem. However, when the team crushed the paper given to them, he did not reprimand them but went on to sing the anthem. He tried to lead by example, hoping that the team would follow suit once they see him doing so. In encouraging the team to work harder towards achieving their goal of winning the World Cup Championship, Pienaar was seen motivating his team members so that they can all work towards one purpose and perform their best in every match. Pienaar also uses participative leadership to inculcate team spirit and camaraderie. Power and influence Power refers to the capacity a person has to influence the decision of another person so that the person acts according to his wishes. The more power a person has, the higher his influence on the whole system is. Meanwhile, influence causes a change in the attitude or behaviour of others and is more of a process which guides the peoples activities towards appropriate directions in meeting management objectives that have been set. As the President of the country, Mandela has both power and influence. However, he skillfully uses his power and influence to generate respect and support from the people. Pienaar also steadily works his way up to gain trust and respect from his fellow teammates. By commanding their trust and respect, he was capable of transforming the perception of the rugby team and instill pride and higher commitment from them. Managerial traits and skills President Mandela and Pienaar both demonstrate high level of management skills and leadership traits which help them gain support from a population which are initially plagued by centuries of racial divide. Mandela inspirational leadership motivates Pienaar to perform better than he ever thought he could. Through Mandelas quiet self-confidence and charisma, Pienaar was overwhelmed and personally look upon him as a great leader. Based on this motivation, Pienaar encouraged his rugby team to work harder and strive for victory. Leading change Mandelas first meeting with Francois Pienaar displays some important leadership lessons. When Piennar was asked by Mandela on his leadership philosophy, he answers that he believes in leading by example. Mandela concurs with him that leading by example is crucial. In response to another question on how Pienaar inspires people, he affirms that people are inspired through the heart and by what they see. Strategic leadership Strategic leadership refers to leaders who successfully influence large groups of people in organisations to act as required based on established organisational structure, allocated resources and communicated objectives and vision. They are generally functional in a highly complex environment which is influenced by external factors beyond their control. Strategic leaders have to digest information quickly and make correct decisions based on whatever is available to them at the point in time. As such, consequences of their decision affect more people in the organisation and tend to commit more resources. Sometimes, the decisions and initiatives can only implicate long-term plans and may take years to prepare and execute. Ethical issues In this movie, President Mandela transforms the perception of the black natives on rugby which has always been a white sport. Traditionally, the black natives despise the Springboks which they perceive as representing apartheid. By changing the values through this game, Mandela fruitfully changed the tradition of the population as all of them showed great unison in supporting the rugby team as they made their way to victory. Another example of good value that is displayed in this movie is when President Mandela took over the office of President. Although the white Afrikaner staff thought that they will be asked to leave their jobs when a black leader becomes president of the country, they are surprised when President Mandela asked them to continue working as usual and keep them as part of his administrative team. Although Mandela was subjected to a lot of grievances during the apartheid era, he shows strength of character when he does not display vindictiveness towards the white population. Yet he is able to forgive them and concentrate on uniting the racial divide. 7.0 CONCLUSION In summary, the movie Invictus is full of great examples of leadership skills and values. President Mandela exhibited excellent leadership and management skills in bringing unity to the country through sports and Pienaar successfully executed his part to garner the nations support to an overwhelming victory. Clearly, participative leadership and empowerment through consensus and general consultation brings better results compared to exertion of power and influence to move a population. The excellent examples depicted throughout the movie indicate the strength of characters of both President Nelson Mandela and Francois Pienaar. Their strengths shone through when presented by challenges upon challenges as they work their way to realising a united South African population. Charismatic leaders with strong commitment and high confidence can transform the impossible into a possibility and create huge success for the organisation. President Mandela displays his charisma as he successfully attracts followers, who initially disagree with his principles, into participating in activities towards achieving his vision. He effectively nurtures their emotions and encourages their hearts to work towards building the unity and accept differences among them as strengths and think positively for a better South Africa.

Brave New World :: essays research papers

In the book, Brave New World, there are many examples of prophecy. The first example of prophecy is cloning. In the book they were cloning up to 96 people that all looked identical. Today we have successfully cloned a sheep, and we are moving towards possibly cloning humans just like the book prophesied. The second example of prophecy is brainwashing and hypnotism. In the book they conditioned, or brainwashed, the infants and children to like and hate certain things for the purpose of increased consumption. Today, there are certain things that hypnotize us like commercials and billboards. More strongly there are hypnotist who hypnotize people in order to find out about someone’s past and also to tried to cure their bad habits and phobias. This is just matter of opinion, but brainwashing is probably going on behind the scenes of our government. The final example of prophecy is genetically altering embryos. In the book they altered the embryos to make some not as smart as others . They also did it to put the people in different caste systems. They also, not mentioned in the book, prevented diseases from the altering of the embryos. Certainly there were many things that Aldous Huxley prophesied that came true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many examples of fantasy in the book, Brave New World. The first is the thought of no mothers and fathers. In the book they had no mothers or fathers and those words were considered bad. They belonged to the state and that was all they needed. Today, mothers and fathers affect their children so greatly that the thoughts of there not being mothers or fathers are just so far-fetched. People today wouldn’t conform to that, because they are proud of having children and continuing certain traditions and family names. The next example of fantasy is the Bokanovsky Process. In the book they would have one egg that split into 96 eggs over a certain time which produced 96 identical twins. I believe that wouldn’t happen today because we live in a world that relies on the individual for stability. If one would take away people’s individuality by making them 95 sisters and brothers then the whole world would be in an uproar. The last example of fantasy is caste colors. In the book there was 5 different castes in which each caste had their own color. Today the thought of everyone dressing alike would be absurd.